OWASP Top 10 : Identification and Authentication Failures

What is identification and authentication failure?

When users log into a system, they identify themselves (eg.- username or email) and authenticate using a password or other security methods. If this process is weak then attackers can:

1. Steal passwords and log in as other users.

2. Bypass authentication using vulnerabilities in the system.

3. Exploit weak security settings (like no multifactor authentication or 2FA)

Example:- Imagine an online bank where users log in with only a password. If a hacker guesses or steals the password, they can access the account and make transactions. This is known as Authentication failure.

Common Causes

1. Weak or Default passwords- Many users still use simple passwords like '123456' or 'password.'

2. No Multi-factor Authentication- Without an extra layer of security accounts are easy to hack.

3. Broken Session Management- Attackers can hijack user sessions if a system does not properly handle logins and logouts.

4. Insecure Password Storage- Storing passwords in plain texts makes them easy to steal.

How to stay safe?

1. Use Strong Passwords- Require complex passwords. 

2. Enable Multi-factor Authentication- Add extra security. 

3. Secure Password Storage- Use encryption and hashing to protect stored passwords.

4. Limit Login Attempts- Block access after multiple failed login attempts to stop brute-force attacks.

5. Protect Sessions- Expire sessions after inactivity and prevent session hijacking.

Final thoughts

Hackers often target weak authentication systems to steal data and take over accounts. By using strong passwords, enabling MFA, and securing sessions you can prevent most authentication related attacks.